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G. G. FLOYD Feb. 28, 1933.

SIDE FRAME Original Fild Aug. 6. 1928 Gwrge G flog d, Y

G. G. FLOYD SIDE FRAME Feb. 28, 1933.

Original Fi-led Aug. 6, 1928 Gem ga (1. F MGM '3 Sheets-Sheet 2 /II/III/////// 0 M M V layd, I

Feb. 28, 1933. G: G; FLOY D SIDE FRAME Original Filed Aug. 6, 1928 3 Sheets-Sheet 3 Reissued Feb. 28, 1933 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE GEORGE G. FLOYD, OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS, A SSIGNOR T AMERICAN STEEL FOUNDRIES,

OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS, A CORPORATION OF NEW JERSEY SIDE FRAME Original No. 1,745,847, dated February 4, 1930, Serial No. 297,820, filed August 6, 1928. Application for,

reissue filed October 24, 1931.

This invention relates to side frames for railway car trucks and in particular to cast side frames incorporating integrally formed journal boxes.

In the usual form of truck side frames, wheel and axle assemblies are disposed to carry side frames, which frames as a complete structure support a bolster through the medium of suitable coil or other springs. The members of the side frames are disposed to give substantially a so-called truss design, and to this end there are provided an upper compression member and a lower tension member disposed between journal boxes,

the said members being spaced apart adjacent the-center of the framesand connected by spaced vertical columns. A portion of the tension member is used as a beam extending. between the columns, and forms a convenient spring seat for the spring supporting bolsters for transmitting the loadifrom the bolsters to the truss structure. This spring supporting portion of the tension member is therefore subjected to bending action which, by the rigid connection of said portion with the rest of the truss structure, particularly at the columns, induces bending in the other members and thus tends to derange or deranges the true truss action and causes bending stresses to be added to the 1 direct stresses." Further, the points of support of the side frame on the axles through the journal boxes are not at the true junctions of the tension and compression members but are in reality on extending cantilever portions which are so adapted as to provide a practical seat for the journal boxes and may have the journal boxes cast integrally therewith and depending therefrom.

deflection under maximum imposed loads, in.

true truss action.

Serial No. 570,990.

the face of a definite weight limitation of casting, create 'diflicult problems for the designer. Metal must be distributed where it is most efiicacious and care must be exerted to insure internal fiber stresses remaining within reasonable bounds.

An object of the present invention is to produce a side frame of the above mentioned type combining maximum rigidity and stiffness, within a definite weight and fiber stress limitation, through a proper positioning of members and a correct distribution of metal. Another object is to produce a side frame of a design to successfully fulfill all requirements of manufacture, test and service, and

one which performs these and other func- Still another object is to provide a side frame construction wherein a plurality of truss structures are utilized.

A further object of the invention is to provide a side frame which is of a construction whereby the members are so arranged that the fiber stresses are in substantial equilibrium.

A still further object is to provide a side frame of such construction as will fulfill all re uirements of-manufacture and service.

TVith these and various other objects in view, the invention may consist of certain novel features of construction and operation, as will be more fully described and particularly pointed out in the specification, drawings and claims appended hereto.

In the drawings, bodiment of the device and wherein like refercnce characters are used to designate like parts' Figure 1 is a longitudinal-side elevation of substantially one half of a side frame which is the subject matter of this invention; .Figure 2 is a top plan view of the side frame illustrated in Figure 1;

, Figure 3 is a graphic representation of concurrent forces acting in the frame under service conditions; i Figure 4 is an enlarged sectional elevawhich illustrate an em-' .ure 1;

tion through the tension member of the frame, the same being taken substantially in the plane as indicated by the line 4-4-4 of Figure 1;

Figure 5 is an enlarged sectional elevation through the tension member of the frame, the same being taken substantially in the plane as indicated by the line 5-5 of Figure 1; 0

Figure 6 is an enlarged sectional elevation through the journal box and frame member, the same being taken substantially in the plane as indicated by the line 6-6 of Figa Figure 7 isan enlarged sectional elevation through the compression member of the frame, the same being taken substantially in the plane as indicated by the line 7-7 of .Fi rel;

igure 8 is an enlarged sectional elevation through the compression member of the frame, the same being taken substantially in the plane as indicated by the line 8-8 of re 1; igure 9 of a truck sideframe embo ying the invention, the figure having the stress diagram superimposed thereupon;

Figure 10 is a diagrammatic representation of the application of a shear diagram to a rectangular section, the same being taken as at section 10-10 of Figure 9.

Referring now more particularly to Fig ures 1 and 2, it will be seen that the integrally east side frame consists substantially of an upper compression-member 20; a lower tension member 21, the vertical struts or pedestals 2222, journal boxes 2323 and the portions 2424 overlyin and adjacent to said journal boxes formed by the merging of the compression and tension members 20 and 21, respectively.

The compression member 20 is of multiple 'section, varying from a substantially rectangular section in the merged portion'above the journal boxes, as illustrated in Figure 6,

. to an open channel section illustrated in Figure 7 and to a rectangular closed section on the frame center as illustrated in Figure 8. The tension member 21 is of similar variation in sectional form, as represented in Figures I 4 and 5, in which Figure 4 is of reenforced closed rectangular construction and Figure 5 is of open channel'section. It thus may be .said that the tension and compression members are of substantially box section, the portions thereof between the columns and the journal boxes being of U-section having a web or chord and flanges. The flanges are refianged inwardly, thereby forming facing chords spaced by side chords which serve to connect the facing chords to the web.

While the general type of side. frames shown is not uncommon inthe art, with the constant increase in carloadings difliculty is a fragmentar side elevationregions adjacent the journal boxes and in proximity to the point of mergence of the compression member 20 and the tension mem- I ber 21.

In the present perfected invention the requisite stiffness and rigidity have been secured without materially adding to the total weight by internally increasing the thickness of the side walls 25-25 of region 24 to the left of the dotted boundary indicating line 26, over the thickness of the side walls of the members 20 and 21 and extending to the right of corresponding line 27 all as viewed in Figure 1. Between said limiting lines 26 and 27 there is a gradual transition of wall section. A similar eifect may be had by increasing the thickness of the walls radially from a point defined by the junction of the line AB and the extreme inner corner of the journal box, i. e., at point 62, the large radius of the thickened section being the distance from the point 62 to the line 27 measured along the line AB, i. e., from 62 to 64.

An understanding of the forces involved d may be had by reference to Figure 3. This figure diagrammatically represents the above side frame carrying a vertical load, the resultants thereof each being substantially one half of the total load and one of which is indicated by the force W acting through the journal box center. Considered as a truss, we have a force of com ression F in the top member and a tensile orce F in the lower member. The horizontal components of these forces must balance each other to satisfy the necessary condition of equilibrium,

therefore: F cos a=F cos b v The section AB is therefore subject to a shearing force F cos a and it should be observed that this section passes through aproximately the center of the section indicated by the line CD. Section CD is at the same time subject to a vertical shear equal to the journal box load W and this shear is carried almost entirely by the side walls, so it may be said that each side wall carries a total shear of /;W. It is well known that when a rectangular section is subject to a shearing force, the maximum shearingstress occurs at the center of the sect on, and equals one and one-half times the average shearing stress.

Thus, the metal in the region under consideration is subjected to the combined horizontal shear-and a maximum vertical shear. The combined shearing stress is therefore etween the section lines AB and CD, and

since the point E, at the journal box and junction of the line of force of F and section AB, is at a reentrant angle it will carry a high stress due to concentration. To take care of this high resultant force without excessive fiber stresses the walls of the region 24 were thickened as beforementioned, it not being so essential that the tension and compression members be thickened as the shearing stresses in them are relatively unimportant. In order'to furtherreenforce the region adjacent the inner corner of the journal box, diagonal ribs 34 and 36 are provided, said ribs extending along the tension member, i. e., closely adjacent and in the same direction as the resultant of the stresses, and merging into the tension member at points 58 and 60 adjacent the section'thickness defining line 27.

Referring now ,more particularly to Fig ures 9 and 10, the truck slde frame illustrated includes an upper compression member 110 and a lower compression member 112 integrally joined-at their ends 114, and inte- ,grally formed with journal boxes 116.

There is aportion 115 forming a portion of the merged ends of the tension and compression members, a portion 117 of this merged portion being disposed above the journal box. The side frame is provided 'with vertical columns 118 disposed between and integral with the tension and compression members, and a portion 120 of the tension member 112 is formed to provide spring seats for suitable springs supporting the bolster (not shown).

- In a side frame such as shown the vertical load W is transmitted through the bolster and spring members to the spring seat por' tion. 120, and considering the side frame as a truss, there is a reaction through each journal box ofJ; W, and stresses are of course set up in the tension and compression members.

There is a force of F as indicated by the arrow, set up in the compression member, and

a tensionforce of F set up in thete'nsion member, and, as is well known, the horizontal components of these forces must balance each other to satisfy the necessary conditip ns of equilibrium, that is, F1 cos a equals F 'cos 1),

angle a bein the angle between the compressive force 1 and its horizontal component,

\ and the-angle. b being'the angle between the compressive force F and its horizontal comonent, the stress diagrambeing completed y the vertical line 122 disposed normal to the reaction line 123. ,The section AB, then,

is subjected to a shearing force equal toF 7 cos a, and it'has been found that this section passes approximately through the center of the section 10'10. Section 1010,therefore, is subjected to a vertical shear equalto 'journ the load W, and this shear is carried almost horizontal and maximum vertical shearing stresses. .The combined shearing stress at the section is, therefore, abnormally high, which shows that a high tensile stress exists at an angle'of approximately to the section AB; Since the point E at the corner of the journal box is a reentrant corner, it will be subjected to a high stress due to concentration'at this-point. The portion of the side wall, therefore, bound by the radial lines and indicatedat 24 issubjected to abnormally high tensile stresses, and this condition is partially relieved by increasing the wall thickness over this area, the increase being in each of the side walls, preferably constant over the a shaded area, and gradually mer 'ng into the tension and compressidn mem rs outside this area.- The side walls ofthe tension and compression members do not require .in-

creased thickness since the shear stresses in them are relatively unimportant, so therefore they are not thickened, thus saving Weight in the frame. The thickness may be carried out by a large increase in section adjacent the 'corner at E and a gradual diminution and merging of the section, an increase over the normal, however, being'maintfained over the shaded area.

It.is to be understood that I do not wish to be limited by the exact embodiment of the device shown, which is merely by way of illustration and'not limitation, aszvarious and other forms of the device will of course be apparent to those skilled'in the art without departing from the spirit of the invention or the scope of the claims.

I claim: 1. A east side frame for railway car. trucks having an upper compression member and a lower tension member, said members being of varied section and merging at journal boxes integral therewith, a portion of the walls of said members overlying and adjacent to said al boxes being thicker than the walls I(Sf-said compression and said'tension mem-- ers.

2. In an integrally cast frame forrailway car trucks, thecomblnation'of an upper compression member, lower tension member, journal boxes connected thereto, and a section overlying'said the merging ofthe aforesaid compression and tension members at their outer ends," the side walls of said overlyingsection adjacent ournal boxes formed by I tions of the walls thereof of increased thick j on m a1 box, and a diagonarbmce, member railway car trnc nal boxes, a compression memberof substan to said journal boxes being of greater thickness thanthe side walls of said compression andtension members prior to the points of tially rectangulariand channel cross section, having end portions of substantially rectangular cross section extending over said boxes, and a tension member of substantially rectan gular and channel cross section merging with said journal boxes and said compression member, the side walls of the combined tension and compression members and of the resultant end portions thereof being of thicker wall section than that of the sidewalls of said compression and tension members prior to their mergence into a composite structure.

4. Aside frame for railway trucks comprising in a single casting multiple section side members, journal boxes and portions overlying and adjacent to said journal boxes,

the side walls of "said overlying portions being of thicker section than the side walls of said side members. I

5. In a structure of the character de scribed, the combination of coniponentside members having a region formed by the junction of said component members, the side walls of said region being of thicker section than the side walls of either of said members.

6. In a structure of the character described, the combination of multiple cross section compression and tension members having pedestals forming a substantially square center portion and two triangular end portions, journal boxes formed integrally with said tension and compression members at the outward apex of said triangular seetions, said members havin a'region overly:

in and adjacent'to said ournalboxes, the

si e walls of said region bein increased in thickness internally over the si e wall section of saidtension and said compression memrs. a 7. In a side frame, the combination of upper and lower chord members, journal boxes connected thereto, saidchords having sec tionsv of the, walls thereof of varying thicknesses adjacent said journal boxes.

8. Ina side frame, the combination of upper and lower chord members, journal boxes connected thereto, said chords havin'g secformed therewith and-,a section overlying said journal bore-formed by themergingof said members adjacent the ends thereof, said section having side walls, said side walls tension .member, a journal box inte ally' formcd therewith and a section over yin said journal box formed by the merging o said members adjacent the ends thereof, sa1d section having side walls, said side walls being of increased thickness adjacent the journal box, and a brace member extending from said journal box along one of said members and margin therewith.

11. In a truck side rame, the combination of an upper compression member, a lower tension member, a Journal box integrally formed therewith and a sectionoverlyin said journal box formed by the merging o said members adjacent the ends thereof, said section having side walls, said side walls 'being .of increased thickness adjacent the journal box, and a brace member extending along said tension member and merging therewith. n

'12. In a truck side frame, the combination of an'upper compression member, a lower tension member, a journal box integrally formed therewith and a section overlying said journal box formed by the merging of said members adjacent the ends'thereof, said section having side walls, said sidewalls being of increased thickness adjacent the journal box, and a diagonal brace member extending from a corner of said journal box and along said tension member and merging therewith.

13. In atruck side frame, the combination of an uppercompression member, a lower tension member, a journal box integrally formed therewith and a section overlying said journal box formed by the merging of said members adjacent the ends thereof. said section having side walls, said side walls beof increased thickness adjacent the j ourin his box, and a diagonal brac'e member extendsaid members adjacent the ends thereof, said section having sidewalls, said side walls being of increased thickness. adjacent the extending from a corner of said journal box and along said tension member and merging therewith,-said brace member being spaced from the upper and lower portions of said tension member. V

15. In a truck side'fram'e, the combination of an upper compr'ess'ionm'ember, a lower tension member, a journal box integrally side frame, the combination 4 formed therewith, and a section overlying said journal box formed by the merging of said members adjacent the ends thereof, said section having side walls, said side walls being of increased thickness adjacent the journal box, and a diagonal brace member extending from the inner corner of said journal box and along said tension member and merg ing therewith, said brace member being disposed intermediate the top and bottom portions of said tension member.

16. In a truck side frame, the combination of an upper compression member, a lower tension member having a web portion, a j ournal box integrally formed with said members and disposed so that the said web portion merges into said journal box below the corner thereof, a section of the junction of said ten sion and compression members being of sub stantially box section having side walls of increased thickness'from the thickness of the walls of the tension and compression members.

17. In a truck side frame, the combination of anupper compression member, a lower tension member having a web portion, a ournal box integrally formed with said members and disposed so that the said .web portion merges into said journal box below the corner thereof, a section ofthe junction of said tension and compression members being of substantially box section having side walls of increased thickness from the thickness of the walls of the tension and compressionmembers, and a brace member" extending from said journal box and merging into said side walls. I

18. In a truck side frame, the combination of an upper compression member, a lower tension member having a web portion, a journal box integrally formed with said members and disposed so that the said web portion merges into said journal box below the corner thereof, a section of the junction of said tension and compression members being of substantially box section having side walls of increased thickness from the thickness of the walls of-the tension and compression members, and a-brace member extending from said journal box and merging into said side walls, said brace member extending substan- Eially 'in the direction of said tension mem- I 19. In a truck 'side' frame, the combination of an upper compression member, a lower. tension member having a web portion, a jour- Y nal box integrally formed with said members and disposed so that the said web portion merges into said journal box below the corner thereof, a section of the junction of said tension and compression members being of substantially box section having side walls of increased thickness from the thickness of the walls of the tension and compression members, and a brace member extending said corner. of said section having side walls, said side walls being of increased thickness radially from the inner extreme corner of said journal box. 21. In a truck side frame, the combination of an upper compression member, a' lower tension member, a journal box integrally formed therewith and a section 'overlyin said journal box formed by the merging 0 said members adjacent the ends thereof, said section having side walls, said side walls being of increased thickness radially from the inner extreme corner of said journal box, and

a brace member extending from said corner of said journal box and merging into the walls of said section.

22. In a truck side frame, the combination of an upper compression member, a lower' tension member, a journal box integrally formed therewith and a section overlying said journal box formed by the merging of said members adjacent the ends thereof, said section having side walls, said side walls being of increased thickness radially from the inner extreme corner of said journal box, and a brace member extending diagonally from tion of said tension member;

23. In a truck side frame, the combination of an upper compression member, a lower tension member, formed therewith said journal box formed by a journal box integrally the merging of journal box in the direc- I and a section overlying said members adjacent the ends thereof, said section having side walls, said side walls being of increased thicknessradially from the inner extreme corner of said journal box, and a brace member extending diagonally from said corner of said journal boxin the direction of said tension member, and spaced from the upper and lower portions of said tension member.

24. In a truck side frame, the combination 1' of an upper compression member, a lower tension member, a journal box integrally formed therewith, said tension and compression members having a radiallyrthickenedj portion formedadjacent one corner of said journal box.

25. In a truck side frame, the combination of an upper compression member, a lower tension member, a journal box integrally formed therewith, said tension and compression members having a radially thickened In a truck side frame,the combination of an upper compression member, a lower tension member, said members being integrall formed adjacent the ends thereof, a journa 'box inte ally fromed adjacent the merged portiono said members, said merged portion of said members being radially glzickened adjacent one corner of said journal I.

27 In a truck side frame, the combination of an upper compression member, a lower tension member, said members being integrally fromed adjacent the ends thereof, a journal boxyintegrally formed adjacent the merged portion of said members, said merged portion of said members being radially thickened adjacent the inner corner of said journal box.

28. In a truck side frame, the combination of an upper compression member, a lower tension member, said members being integrall formed adjacent the ends thereof, a journa box inte ally formed adjacent the merged portion 0 said members, said merged portion of said members being radially thickened adjacent one corner of said jour-.

nal box, the thickened portion of said merged portion gradually tapering to the normal thicknem of said tension member.

29. In a truck side frame, the combination vof an upper compression member, a lower tensionmember, said members being integrally formed adjacent the ends thereof, a journal box inte ally formed adjacent the merged portion 0 said members, said merged portion of said members bem radially thickened adajacent one corner o said journal box, the thickened portion of said merged portion gradually tapering to the normal thickness of said compression member.

30. In a truck side frame, thecombination of an upper compression member, a lower tension member, said members being 7 integrall formed adjacent the ends thereof, a journa; boxinte all formed adjacent the merged portiono sai members, said merged port1onof said members being radially thickened adjacent the inner corner of said journal box, the thickened portion of said merged rtion gradually tapering to the normal ickness of said tension member.

31. In a truck side frame, the combination.

of an upper compression member, a lower tenslon member, said members bemg 1nportion of said members being radially thickened adjacent the inner corner of said journal box, the thickened portion of said I merged ortion gradually'tapering to. the

no (those of said compression mem 32. In a truck side frame, the combination of an upper compresion member, a lower tension member, said members, bei

integrally formed adjacent the ends thereo a journal box integrally formed adjacent the merged portion of said members, said merged portion of said members being radially thickened ad] acent one corner ,of said journal box,

the thickened portion of said merged portion gradually tapering to the normal thickness of one of said members.

33. In a truck side frame, the tion of an upper compression member, a lower tension member, said members bein integrally formed adjacent theends thereo a journal box integrally formed adjacent the combinamerged portion ofsaid members, said merged portion of said members being radially thickened adjacentthe inner corner of said journal box, the thickened portion of said merged portion gradually tapering to the normal thickness of one ofsaid members;

34. In a truck side frame, the combination of anupper compression member, a

lower tension member, said members bein integrally formed adjacent the ends thereo a ournal box integrally formed adjacent the merged portion of said members, said merged portion of said members being radially thickened adjacent one corner of said journal box, the thickened portion of said merged portion gradually tapering to the normal thickness of both of said members.

35. In a truck side frame, the combination of an upper compression member, a lower tension member, said members bein integrally formed adjacent the ends thereo a journal box integrally formed adjacent the merged portion of said members, said merged portion of said members being radially thickened adjacent the inner corner of said journal box, the'thickened portion of said merged portion gradually tapering to the normal thickness of both ofsald members.

36. In a truck side frame; the combination of an upper compression member, a lower tension member, said members being integrally formed adjacent the ends thereof, a'journal box integrally formed adjacent the merged portion of said members, said merged portion of said members extending over said Journal box and being radially thickened ad- I jacent one corner of said journal box.

37. In a truck side frame, the combination of-an upper compression member, a lower tension member, said members bein integrally formed adjacent the ends thereo a journal box integrally formedadjacent the merged portion-of said members, said merged portion of said members extendin over said journal box, said merged portion ingradially thickened adjacent one corner of said journal box.

38. In a truck side frame, the combination of an upper member,- a

' merged portion of said members, said merged portion of said members extending over said journal box, said merged portion includin the portion oversaid journal box being radially thickened adjacent the inner corner of said journal box.

39. In a truck side frame, the combination of an upper compression member, -a lower tension member, said members being integrally formed adjacent the ends thereof,

a journal box integrally formed adjacent the merged portion of said members, said merged ortion of said members extending over said ournal box, said merged portion including the portion over said journal box being radially thickened adjacent one-corner of said journal box, the thickened portion of said merged portion gradually tapering to the normal thickness of said tension member.

. 40. In a truck side frame, the combination of an'upper compression member, a lower tension member, said members being integrally formed adjacent the ends thereof, a journal box integrally formed-adjacent the merged portion of said members, said merged portion of said members extending over said Journal box, said merged portion including the portion over said journal box-being radially thickened adjacent the inner corner of said journal box, the thickened portion of said merged portion gradually tapering to the normal thickness of said tension member. 41. In a truck side frame, the combination of an upper compression member, a lower tension member, said members being integrally formed adjacent the ends thereof, a journal box integrally formed adjacent the merged portion of said members, said merged portion of said members extending over said journal box, said merged portion including the portion over said journal box being radially thickened adjacent one corner of said journal box, the thickened portion of said merged portion gradually'tapering to the Eprmal thickness of said compression memr. '42. In a truck side frame, the combination of an upper compression member, a lower tension member, said members being integrally formed adjacent the ends thereof, a journal box integrally formed adjacent the merged.

portion of said members, said merged portion of said members extending over said journal box, said merged portion including the portion over said journal box being radially thickened adjacent the inne'r'cor- 'bers.

tension member, said members being integrally formed adjacent the ends thereof, a

ournal box integrally formed adjacent the to the normal thickness of both of said members.

44. In a truck side frame, the combination of an-upper compression member, a lower tension member, said members being integrally formed adjacent the ends thereof, a journal box integrally formed adjacent the merged portion of said members, said merged portion of said members extending over said journal box, said merged portion including the portion over said journal box being radially thickened adjacent one corner of said journal box, the thickened portion of said merged portion gradually tapering to the normal thickness of both of said mem- 45. In a truck side frame, the combination of an upper compression member, a lower tension member, said member being integrally formed adjacent the ends thereof, a journal box integrally formed adjacent the merged portion of said members, said merged portion of said members extending over said journal box, said merged portion including the portion over said 'journal box being radially thickened adjacent one corner of said journal box, the thickened portion of said merged portion gradually tapering to the normal thickness of one of said members.

-46. In a truck side frame, the combina tion of an upper compression member, a lower tension member, said members being integrally formed adjacent the ends thereof, a

journal box integrally formed adjacent the merged portion of said members, said merged portion of said members extending over said' journal'box, said merged portion including the portion over said journal box being radially thickened adjacent the inner corner of said journal box, the thickened portion of said merged portion gradually tapering to and integral with said journal boxes, said portion having side walls substantially coplanar with said side chords, said side walls being thicker than said side chords.

48. A truck side frameincluding spaced journal boxes, a side frame member connecting said journal boxes, said side frame member consisting of top and bottom chords and 49. A truck side frame including space journal boxes, a side framemember connecting said journal boxes, said side frame member consisting of top and bottom chords and connecting side. chords, one of said chords having portions extending over and substantially to the outer edge of said journal boxes, said portions being of varying thicknesses adjacent said journal boxes.

50. A truck side frame including spaced journal boxes, a side frame member connecting said journal boxes, said side frame mem ber consisting of top and bottom chords and connecting side chords, said side chords merging into spaced chords extending substantially above said journal boxes, said spaced chords having portions thereof of varying thicknesses adjacent said-.journal boxes. v

51. Atruck side frame including spaced journal boxes, 9. side frame member connecting said journal boxes, said side frame member consisting of top and bottom chordsand connecting side chords, the side chords having portions thereof of varying thicknesses adjacent said journal boxes.

52. A truck side frame including spaced journal boxes, aside frame member connecting said journal boxes, said side frame member consisting of top and bottom chords and connecting side chords, one of said chords having portions extending over and substantially to the outer edge of said journal boxes, said portions being of increased thicknesses adjacent saidjournal boxes. i

53. A truck side frame including spaced journal boxes, a side frame member connectof said journal boxes and along said frame member intermediate said top andbottom chords and substantially in the same direction thereof.

56. A truck side frame including spaced journal boxes, a side frame member connectmg said journal boxes, said side frame member consisting of .top and bottom chords and connecting side chords, said side frame member merging into a portion disposed above and integral with said journal boxes, said portion havingside walls, said side walls and ber merging into a portion disposed above and integral with said journal boxes, said portion having side Walls,said side walls and the side chords adjacent said side walls being.

of increased thickness radially from one corner of said journal boxes. I

Signed at Chicago, Illinois, this 22d day of October, 1931.

GEORGE G. FLOYD.

ing said journal boxes, said side frame'melnber consistin of top and bottom chords and connecting si e chords, said side chords merg ing into *spaced chords extending substan- -tially above said journal boxes, said spaced chords having portions thereof of increased thicknesses adjacent said journal boxes.

54. A truck side frame including spaced Y journal boxes, a side frame member connectmg said journal boxes, said side frame member consisting of top and bottom chords and connecting side chords, the side chords hav-' in portions thereof of increased thicknesses ad acent said journal boxes.-

- 55. A truck side frame including spaced journal boxes, a side frame member connectmg said journal boxes, said side frame member consisting of top and bottom chords and I connecting sidechords, one of said chords having portions thereof: of increased thicknesses adjacent said journal boxes, and a reenforcing member extending from one-corner 

